THE KIPA
by Avram Yehoshua
(All Footnote numbers and footnotes in red)
The kipa is one of Judaism's most sacred items. A man can not go into a
synagogue to worship God without one. Many believers, both Jewish and
Gentile, wear the kipa to identify with the Jewish People. This is why
I wore one for 14 years. It was more of a need on my part, because I saw
it as what religious Jews were supposed to look like. But the Holy
Spirit led me to see its pagan origin and symbolism, and I removed it.
We are to be an example to our People in the Way that they should go
(Jeremiah 15:19). Where is any biblical basis for the wearing of the
kipa? I have no problem with the woman's head covering for modesty and
submission to authority, or a man wearing a hat, etc., but the kipa is
different. It is a religious symbol in and of itself. And what it
symbolizes I have come to see is the sun, the sun god, and his
followers. The sun god is none other than Satan himself.
(1) We have no
place with them even if it means 'separating' from what our People
think. For they are to follow us, not us them. We are to walk in His
Truth.
There is no place in Scripture to imply that the Jewish People had the
kipa at the time of Moses or King David or Ezra. It is certainly a
Jewish tradition but it has no biblical basis, and it is of pagan
origin. If one says that the kipa is like the bonnet (KJV: Exodus
39:28, etc.), or the hat that Yahveh gave to the priests, I would ask for a
reference that describes the bonnet to be a kipa. For the burden of
proof resides upon the one doing the tradition: why do you do what you
do? What biblical basis do you have? For if you do not have a biblical
basis then you are walking in a tradition. It is very important to
understand where the tradition comes from. For if it is of pagan
origin, we must have nothing to do with it. If it is not, and it enhances
Scriptures, then it is alright.
My question is: 'Does the kipa symbolize submission to the God of
Israel or to the sun god, Satan?' And if to the God of Israel, then we must be
able to substantiate our claim with Scripture. If a man wants to wear a
turban, fine. But God never commanded it for anyone in Israel except
Aaron the High Priest and his sons. Turbans today take on a form of
identification, as to if one is a Moslem, and from what country. Just
by the color or the way it is wrapped. But just because they wear them, I
don't see the turban itself as pagan. The turban does not contain
within itself a religious symbolic meaning. But not so with the kipa.
The Kipa of the Sun God
I am not suggesting that it is offensive to God to wear a hat or turban
for a man, or a head covering or hat for a woman. My concern is that
the kipa is not a hat in the proper term of the word but has religious
symbolism. What does it, did it of ancient times, symbolize?
The roundness of it suggests the sun. There are places in Scripture
where the Lord tells us not to shave our heads in the form of a circle
(because this is originally what all the priests of Baal, Bacchus,
Tamuz, Apollo, Jupiter, Dagon, etc. did), to signify their allegiance
to the sun god. Wearing a kipa is one very small step removed from having
the head shaved that way. But the symbolism remains the same.
The kipa represents the circle or nimbus of light that encircles the
Catholic pictures of 'the Lord' and 'Mary' and 'Joseph' and all the
other 'saints'. This circle of light that radiates from their head is
supposed to suggest their deity or godness. But in actuality they were
taken from the pictures and statues of the 'gods and goddess' of
Babylon.(2)
Pagan worship was rampant in the ancient world. From Ireland to Egypt,
to Assyria to India, and unto China and Mexico, the idolatrous pagan
traditions were the same. The names of the gods and goddess' changing,
but the rituals remaining the same or similar. It all emanating from
Bavel (Babylon).
'The disk and particularly the circle were the well known symbols of
the Sun-divinity, and figured largely in the symbolism of the East. With
the circle or the disk, the head of the Sun divinity was encompassed. The
same was the case in Pagan Rome'(3) (Roman Empire before the Catholic
Church conquered it). Hislop goes on to say that the nimbus was the
same for the Roman Madonna (Virgin Mary). The kipa is the physical
representation of the nimbus or disk or circle.
Leviticus 19:27 reads: 'You shall not shave around the sides of your
head, nor harm the edges of your beard.'(4) (NKJV) It is this rounded
head that the ancient pagans, and many Catholic clerics to this day, wear as
a symbol of identification with the god of the sun. Where did the Pope
and his Cardinals get their kipot (kipa's), from? Some say they took it
from the Jews. But the Catholics had it long before we did.
The dictionary states that a tonsure (the head shaved in the form of a
circle), means 'to shear'. 'The Roman Catholic or Eastern rite of
admission to the clerical state by the clipping or shaving of a portion
of the head', 'the shaven crown or patch worn by monks and other
clerics', 'a bald spot resembling a tonsure'.(5) 'to shave the head',
especially to confer some kind of clerical authority.
Alexander Hislop writes:
'These celibate priests have all a certain mark set upon them at their
ordination; and that is the clerical tonsure. The tonsure is the first
part of the ceremony of ordination; and it is held to be a most
important element in connection with the orders of the Romish clergy.
When, after long contendings, the Picts were at last brought to submit
to the Bishop of Rome, the acceptance of this tonsure as the tonsure of
St. Peter on the part of the clergy was the visible symbol of that
submission. Naitan, the Pictish king, having assembled the nobles of
his court and the pastors of his church, thus addressed them: "I recommend
all the clergy of my kingdom to receive the tonsure."
Then, without delay, as Bede informs us, this important revolution was
accomplished by royal authority. He sent agents into every province,
and caused all the ministers and monks to receive the circular tonsure,
according to the Roman fashion, and thus to submit to Peter, "the most
blessed Prince of the apostles." "It was the mark," says Merle
D'Aubigne, "that Popes stamped not on the forehead, but on the crown. A
royal proclamation, and a few clips of the scissors, placed the Scotch,
like a flock of sheep, beneath the crook of the shepherd of the Tiber."
Now, as Rome set so much importance on this tonsure, let it be asked
what was the meaning of it? It was the visible inauguration of those
who submitted to it as the priests of Bacchus. This tonsure cannot have the
slightest pretence to Christian authority. It was indeed the "tonsure
of Peter," but not of the Peter of Galilee, but of the Chaldean "Peter" of
the Mysteries. He was a tonsured priest, for so was the god whose
Mysteries he revealed.
Centuries before the Christian era, thus spoke Herodotus of the
Babylonian tonsure:
"The Arabians acknowledge no other gods than Bacchus and Urania (i.e.
the Queen of Heaven), and they say that their hair was cut in the same
manner as Bacchus's is cut; now, they cut it in a circular form,
shaving it around the temples."
What, then, could have led to this tonsure of Bacchus? Everything in
his history was mystically or hieroglyphically represented, and that in
such a way as none but the initiated could understand. One of the things
that occupied the most important place in the Mysteries was the mutilation
to which he was subjected when he was put to death.
In memory of that, he was lamented with bitter weeping every year, as
'Rosh-Gheza,' 'the mutilated Prince.' But 'Rosh-Gheza' also signified
the 'clipped or shaved head.' Therefore he was himself represented
either with the one or the other form of tonsure; and his priests, for
the same reason, at their ordination had their heads either clipped or
shaven.
Over all the world, where the traces of the Chaldean system are found,
this tonsure or shaving of the head is always found along with it. The
priests of Osiris, the Egyptian Bacchus, were always distinguished by
the shaving of their heads. In Pagan Rome, in India, and even in China,
the distinguishing mark of the Babylonian priesthood was the shaven
head. Thus Gautama Buddha, who lived at least 540 years before Christ,
when setting up the sect of Buddhism in India which spread to the
remotest regions of the East, first shaved his own head, in obedience,
as he pretended, to a Divine command, and then set to work to get
others to imitate his example.
One of the very titles by which he was called was that of the
"Shaved-head." "The shaved-head," says one of the Purans, "that he
might perform the orders of Vishnu, formed a number of disciples, and of
shaved-heads like himself."
The high antiquity of this tonsure may be seen from the enactment in
the Mosaic law against it. The Jewish priests were expressly forbidden to
make any baldness upon their heads (Lev. xxi. 5), which sufficiently
shows that , even so early as the time of Moses, the "shaved-head" had
been already introduced.
In the Church of Rome the heads of the ordinary priests are only
clipped, the heads of the monks or regular clergy are shaven, but both
alike, at their consecration, receive the circular tonsure, thereby
identifying them, beyond all possibility of doubt, with Bacchus, "the
mutilated Prince."
Now, if the priests of Rome take away the key of knowledge, and lock up
the Bible from the people; if they are ordained to offer the Chaldean
sacrifice in honour of the Pagan Queen of Heaven; if they are bound by
the Chaldean law of celibacy, that plunges them in profligacy; if, in
short, they are all marked at their consecration with the distinguishing
mark of the priests of the Chaldean Bacchus, what right,what possible
right can they have to be called ministers of Christ?'(6)
In a footnote to "the mutilated Prince" (above) Hislop writes this:
'It has been already shown (p. 18, Note) that among the Chaldeans the
one term 'Zero' signified at once 'a circle' and 'the seed.' 'Suro,'
'the seed,' in India, as we have seen, was the sun-divinity incarnate.
When that seed was represented in human form, to identify him with the
sun, he was represented with the circle, the well-known emblem of the
sun's annual course, on some part of his person.
Thus our own god Thor was represented with a blazing circle on his
breast. - (WILSON'S Parsi Religion, p. 31.) In Persia and Assyria the
circle was represented sometimes on the breast, sometimes round the
waist, and sometimes in the hand of the sun-divinity. - (BRYANT, vol.
ii., Plates, pp. 216, 406, 409; and LAYARD'S Nineveh and Babylon, p.
160.) In India it is represented at the tip of the finger. - MOOR'S
Pantheon, Plate 13, 'Vishnu.'
Hence the circle became the emblem of Tammuz born again, or 'the seed.'
The circular tonsure of Bacchus was doubtless intended to point him out
as 'Zero,' or 'the seed,' the grand deliverer. And the circle of light
around the head of the so-called pictures of Christ was evidently just
a different form of the very same thing, and borrowed from the very same
source. The ceremony of tonsure, says Maurice, referring to the
practice of that ceremony in India, 'was an old practice of the priests of
Mithra, who in their tonsures imitated the solar disk.' - (Antiquities,
vol. vii. p. 851. London, 1800.)
As the sun-god was the great lamented god, and had his hair cut in a
circular form, and the priests who lamented him had their hair cut in a
similar manner, so in different countries those who lamented the dead
and cut off their hair(7) in honour of them, cut it in a circular form.
There were traces of that in Greece, as appears from the Electra of
Sophocles (line 52, pp. 108, 109); and Herodotus particularly refers to
it as practiced among the Scythians when giving an account of a royal
funeral among that people.
"The body", says he, "is enclosed in wax. They then place it on a
carriage, and remove it to another district, where the persons who
receive it, like the Royal Scythians, cut off a part of their ear,
shave their heads in a circular form," &c. - (Hist., lib. iv. cap. 71, p.
279.)"
Now, while the Pope, as the grand representative of the false Messiah,
received the circular tonsure himself, so all his priests to identify
them with the same system are required to submit to the same circular
tonsure, to mark them in their measure and their own sphere as
representatives of that same false Messiah.'(8)
The 'kipa' that the Pope and his Cardinals wear is a mirror reflection
of the circular tonsure, a symbol of the solar disk. The Catholic Pope
and his Cardinals had it before the Jews. And the pagan priests and
peoples before the Catholics. The Catholic Church is an extension of
Babylon. But why must we Jews follow them? Some tribes in Africa and
some South American Indians shave their heads in the exact form of a
kipa also. Coincidence?
I cannot in the conscience that God has given me, wear a kipa any
longer. I will not be part of what I have come to see is a pagan symbol
that has absolutely no biblical basis, but associates the wearer with
the sun god, better known as Satan. Tamuz, his 'son' is the
anti-Messiah. I am not talking about wearing a hat or head covering
for a woman, or a hat for a man, but specifically the kipa. The kipa is not
a hat or a bonnet or a cap. It is a religious symbol of the sun god.
And we Jews for whatever reason, may not have intentionally copied it, I
don't know, but it is not for me to wear.
Is the bonnet or cap that Yahveh gave to Aaron and his sons, equal to
the kipa? Where is this described? Not pictured by an artist who was
not there, as we sometimes see as illustrations in books that talk about
biblical things, but some reference that tells us exactly how the
bonnet was shaped. For I cannot see how the God of Israel would forbid His
People on the one hand, from shaving their heads or cutting their hair
in a circle, and then order the priests to look like the pagan priests
and people (mourning for the dead), around them.
Some identification marks of God's People are the full untrimmed beard
(Lev. 19:27), and the tzit-ziot (Num. 15:37-41). These signify who we
are and whose we are, the God of Israel's.
In Revelation 17:5, etc., the Lord calls His People to come out of
Babylon, Mystery Religion, the Harlot that made the nations drink of
her abominations. Our Father Avram was also called out of Bavel. And we are
being called out of Christianity and Judaism, that has embraced
Babylon. We are not called out of Christianity to enter Judaism. For they are
both perverse, even though we glean much from both. We are not here to
follow or create our own system, or to walk in man's, but to discover
His System, His Way, and to walk in it. We must be able to lay down
those things that He is calling us out of.
I hope that you are able to begin to question why you wear the kipa,
and if it is sufficient for you to continue to wear it. Perhaps you will
never take it off or perhaps this is the beginning of your process, or
a confirmation in what the Lord has been leading you in. For the things
that we are emotionally attached to, take time for us to sort out.
Yeshua gives us that time.
The Bonnets
I'd like to share a few verses of Scripture with you that contain what
the priests wore on their heads. In Exodus 39:28 it mentions the two
types of coverings for Aaron and his sons. One is the 'turban', and one
is called a 'bonnet' (KJV) or 'cap' (NAS). It is also mentioned in
Ezekiel 21:26 (21:31 in the Hebrew), and Ezekiel 44:18 (and other
places).
In looking up the words in question, I have come to see that they would
both have better been translated as turban. Here is what I found. The
first part of Exodus 39:28 is:
'and the turban fine linen and the hats of the headbands...'(9)
Tzah-naf: the verb for the turban, means: 'to wind or wrap around'(10)
'to 'wrap, or wind up, together'(11) 'to
wrap, wind up together'(12)
Mitz-neh-fet: our noun for the turban, means: 'turban, espec.. of the
high priest'(13) 'turban of high priest, turban of linen, sign of
royalty(14) 'turban of the high priest'(15)
Tzah-neef: another noun means: 'turban'(16) 'turban, royal turban'(17)
'turban'(18) 'Turban; also a sign of royalty...It was the distinctive
head gear of the high priest...The translation turban is supported by the
derivation of the word from sanap' (sic: sanaf) 'meaning 'to wrap
around.'(19)
Now we come to the word in question that some translate as bonnet or
cap. If it was like a kipa then it would justify the wearing of a kipa
for a Jew.
Pah-are: the verb for 'bonnet', means:'to adorn, beautify, honour'(20)
'beautify, glorify'(21) 'glorify, beautify, adorn'(22)
Pih-air: our noun means: 'ornamental head dress, turban'(23) 'head dress,
turban...Ezk 44:18...of priest'(24) 'turban'(25)
'Turban. If the idea behind the verb is 'to clothe with beauty' it is
only fitting that a derivative from the verb should refer to some kind
of clothing. The turban was not limited to a certain sex or worn on
just one occasion as the following shows. It could be worn by women (Is
3:20, KJV 'bonnets') or by men Ezk 24:17, 23, Ezekiel himself, KJV 'tire').
It also was worn by the high priest or priest and was made of linen (Ex
39:28; Ezk 44:18). It was worn by the bridegroom (Isa 61:10), perhaps
here with the translation 'wreath' CF. also 'garland' for ashes in Isa
61:3.'(26)
The word in question (bonnet), is a turban, not a kipa or a bonnet (as
we would tend to think of a woman's bonnet). Why the KJV translates it
as 'bonnet' is beyond me. The last word that I'd like to deal with from
our sentence is in construct with our word in question.
Gah-vah: the verb means: 'to be high'(27) 'convex, projecting, high'(28)
Giv-aht: a noun means: 'hill'(29)
Giv-aht: another noun means: 'hill, height, elevation. lower than a
mountain'(30) 'hill'(31)
Gah-via: a noun means: 'cup, goblet...the cup or bell of a flower, as
an ornament of the sacred candlestick'(32) 'cup, bowl'(33) 'cup, bowl'(34)
Mig-vah-ah: our noun means: 'only pl. Mig-vah-oat: mitres or bonnets of
the common priests, probably of a conic form'(35) 'head gear, turban, of
common priest (conical? cf. Di Ex 28:40), Ex 28:40, Lv 8:13'(36)
Mig-vah-oat: 'turban, head gear, is used only four times: Ex 28:40;
29:9; Lev 8:13, convex in shape perhaps, translated by the RSV as
'cap.' It is worn by the ordinary priests and is to be differentiated from the
turban worn by the high priest...'(37)
There was a special turban for the High Priest but there were also
turbans for the Aaronic Priests, the sons of Aaron. There was nothing
that resembled a kipa though. And that's why I included the third word,
which is in construct with our word in question, for it has the shape
of a hill. Some words that might prove helpful in being defined are:
conical: 'resembling a cone esp. in shape'(38) I think it would tend to
appear as 'hill' shaped. Like the Hills of Judah.
convex: '...vaulted, concave...curved or rounded like the exterior of a
sphere or circle...arched up: bulging out...'(39) This would seem to fit
the description of a turban.
mitre : 'from Latin, head band, turban...Liturgical head dress worn by
bishops and abbots.(40)
bonnet: 'chiefly Scot...a man or boy's cap...a brimless Scotch cap of
seamless woolen fabric' (perhaps a stocking cap?), 'a cloth or straw
hat tied under the chin and worn by women and small children.'(41)
Looking at how some bibles translate our words gives us an overall
picture: Ezekiel 21:26:
King James Version: diadem
New American Standard: turban
New King James Version: turban
New International Version: turban
Kohlenberger Interlinear:(42) turban
Koren Publishers:(43) turban
Jewish Publication Society:(44) mitre
And Ezekiel 44:18 has:
KJV: bonnets
NAS: turbans
NKJV: turbans
NIV: turbans
Interlinear: turbans
Koren: turbans
Jewish Pub: tires
Exodus 39:28: Remember that this is where the two words are:
KJV: mitre, goodly bonnets
NAS: turban, decorated caps
NKJV: turban, exquisite hats
NIV: turban, headbands
Interlinear:(45) turban, hats of the headbands
Koren:(46) mitre, turbans
Jewish Pub:(47) mitre, head-tires
Only Koren allows the reader to really understand that both 'hats' are
turbans. That is if you understand what a 'mitre' is. All the others
opt for descriptions as such, but really fail in their desire not to use
the word turban twice. The 'goodly bonnets' remind me of Little House On
The Prairie or the Easter parade, and the 'decorated caps' remind me of
baseball. The 'exquisite hats' of perhaps a topper hat and the
'headbands' of my jogging days. You can imagine what I think about the
'head-tires.' Remember the Michelin Tire 'Man' that was made up of all
tires?!
Perhaps if we had an Old English King James Version dictionary (and
there are such creatures), bonnet would mean turban. Bonnet is very
English and not Hebraic though. Maybe the translators tried to give a
picture to the people of England in 1611 of something that they thought
approximated the turban.
In speaking with Israelis about why they wear the kipa, two things come
up. One means that the person who wears it is really a Jew (a
religious Jew; for there are many Jewish Israelis that don't wear the kipa). Many
wear them all day while many others just wear them at the bet keneset
(synagogue).
The other reason is because the priests wore them or probably more
accurately, that the priests had their heads covered. (I don't think
that the Israelis imagine the priests actually wore the kipa.) But we
have seen that the Aaronic Priesthood was commanded to wear turbans.
(But nowhere are any of the common People commanded to have a head
covering. Therefore, there is no biblical basis to have to have one's
head covered.) Again, I am not against wearing something on one's head.
But the religious symbolism of the kipa has nothing to do with the
priests' turbans, and too much to do with the god of the sun.
The turbans for the priests were not given to them in order for them to
be able to stand before God. The turban pictured Yeshua as the
King-Priest(48) who would come to serve. And as such, it was not spoken
by God that anyone else (the Levites or the Israelites), would 'have to
wear' a turban. It was required of the priests to stand before God, but
only as a practical and symbolic picture of their King-Priest Yeshua.
They did not need the turban in order to be covered before God.
The kipa, on the other hand, is required by the Rabbis, for all the
people 'to stand before God.' This is not something found in the Torah
but is an invention of man 'to cover himself' before God. As such it
reminds me of what Adam and Hava did when they heard His Voice calling
to them. They made for themselves fig leaves(49) in order to stand before
Him. But these were not to be their covering. It was the blood (death),
from the skin of an animal(50) that was to truly be their covering.
Something that God did for them, in order for them to stand in His
Presence.
Two thousand years ago, God sent Messiah Yeshua to die and give His
Blood as the covering that would enable us to stand in His Presence.
For sin will not be able to live in His Presence. Sacrifice has always been
what God required in order for Man to enter His Presence, whether for
sin, or service and worship. The Tent of Meeting, with its God ordained
sacrifices, is typical of this.(51) But the Jewish leadership rejected
God's Sacrificial covering for His People. And now we see that the kipa
is part of their idea, of what it means 'to be covered' in order to
come into God's Presence. The kipa has become a substitute for the
sacrifices, or rather, the Blood of the Lamb.
If you choose to wear it to identify with the religious Jewish People,
then you are placing yourself symbolically under the authority of the
Pharisees, for traditional Judaism is a direct descendant of them. The
kipa is the Rabbinic religious symbol, of what one needs, in order to
be covered before the Living God.
In Yeshua's day, He did not become a Pharisee, even though He could
have. Though some of what He taught lined up with Pharisaic doctrine,
He was not a Pharisee. We can plainly see this from the Council in
Jerusalem in Acts 15:5.(52) For it specifically refers to some of the
members as Pharisees who had come to believe in Yeshua. But if all who
followed Him were to be Pharisees, then why wasn't everyone in the
Council and all the Jews who believed in Him, Pharisees? And why didn't
they accept the Messianic Pharisaic understanding of what to do with
the Goyim? And why didn't Yakov go directly to the Pharisaic Party (or
Sanhedrin), with their problem? No, to think that Yeshua was a Pharisee
because some of their teaching lined up with the Word of God, is to
believe that the Mafia is the local police force, because both have
guns.
Now, look at the Pope's (and his Cardinal's), 'kipa's' and please try
and tell me what the essential difference is between theirs and the
Jewish People's. I find that there is none. And the Pope had it many
centuries before we Jewish People. And of course, it first came into
use among the Babylonians as the circular tonsure.
We are to challenge our Jewish People's understanding. The first and
foremost challenge to them is our belief in Yeshua, while still
retaining our being Jewish. This goes against what the Rabbis say about
us (that we are no longer Jewish because we have converted to another
religion), and what Christianity says about us (the Rabbis getting what
they say, from the Christians who, when they in ancient times, would
initiate a Jew into Christianity, would make them swear, upon penalty
of the curse of Cain, never to celebrate the Holy Days or have anything to
do with the Jewish Community. They were then made to eat pig, to
formally sever their relationship with their Jewish People. This was
formally ratified in Constantinople in 323 C.E. But this was not the
way the Jewish People came to their Mashiah in Acts 21:20).
I have experienced, as I have taken the kipa off, that it has become a
tremendous witnessing tool. (I have not taken it off so I could use it
as a witnessing tool but in following my Lord Yeshua.) Many Jewish
people who would never have given me a second thought with a kipa on,
come over to me and engage me in conversation about why I have a full
untrimmed beard (Leviticus 19:27), and wear the tzit-ziot (Numbers
15:37-41), but not a kipa. In rabbinic law, one cannot wear tzit-ziot
without a kipa. It is forbidden. And the beard makes me look like a
rabbi (which I am). So it strikes them as very odd. But it gives me a
chance to explain that the kipa is of pagan origin and the Messiah has
set me free from pagan traditions. It then gives me opportunity to talk
about Yeshua and to hand out various literature on the Mashiah and the
kipa.
The bottom line is that the kipa is the physical representation of the
clerical tonsure that Yahveh commands against in both Leviticus Lev. 19:27 and 21:5. The tonsure is the mark for the priests of the sun god, the
tonsure being circular, representing the sun, as well as the kipa. The
kipa is the religious symbol of Orthodox and Sefardic Judaism, and the
one who wears it places themself under that authority.
Footnotes:
1. The Rev. Alexander Hislop, The Two Babylons 2nd American edition.
(Neptune, New Jersey, U.S.A: Loizeaux Brothers, 1959: [written in
1862]), p. 277. The Catholic Church has clothed itself in Christian
garb, but is actually the ancient Babylonian Mystery religion revived.
Incredible insight on Hislop's part.
2. Ibid. p. 87.
3. Ibid.
4. In commenting on this the Artscroll Chumash says that if one were to
do so it would make the top of the head (hair) look round. Page 664.
5. Henry Bosley Woolf, editor in chief, Webster's New Collegiate
Dictionary (Springfield, MA, U.S.A: G. & C. Merriam Co., 1980), p.
1220.
6. The Two Babylons, pp. 220-223.
7. It seems to me that this would refer directly to the Commandment of
Yahveh for all His People not to follow the pagan practice of the
shaved or circular head for the dead, and also not to represent the circle on
their head, the kipa.
8. The Two Babylons, p. 222. This section is a footnote to 'the
mutilated Prince.' It is footnote Y.
9. John Kohlenberger lll, Editor, The NIV Interlinear Hebrew-English
Old Testament vol. 1 / Genesis - Deuteronomy, (Grand Rapids, MI U.S.A:
Regency Reference Library, 1979), p. 262. Both the Hebrew and English
phrases are taken from the Interlinear. I have left out the vowel
pointing, except for the three words that we'll look at.
10. Benjamin Davidson, The Analytical Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon (Grand
Rapids, MI U.S.A: Zondervan Publishing House, 1979), p. 647.
11. Francis Brown, S.R. Driver, Charles Briggs and Wilhelm Gesenius,
The New Brown, Driver Briggs and Gesenius Hebrew and English Lexicon
(Lafayette, IN U.S.A: Association Publishers and Authors, Inc., 1978),
p. 857.
12. R. Harris, Editor; Gleason Archer, Jr. and Bruce Waltke, Associate
Editors, Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, vol. 2 (Chicago,
IL U.S.A: Moody press, 1980), p. 1943.
13. The Analytical Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon, p. 647.
14. The New Brown, Driver Briggs and Gesenius Hebrew and English
Lexicon, p. 857.
15. Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, p. 1943.
16. The Analytical Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon, p. 647.
17. The New Brown, Driver Briggs and Gesenius Hebrew and English
Lexicon, p. 857.
18. Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, p. 1943.
19. Ibid.
20. The Analytical Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon, p. 620.
21. The New Brown, Driver Briggs and Gesenius Hebrew and English
Lexicon, p. 802.
22. Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, p. 713.
23. The Analytical Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon, p. 620.
24. The New Brown, Driver Briggs and Gesenius Hebrew and English
Lexicon, p. 802.
25. Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, p. 713.
26. Ibid. p. 714.
27. The Analytical Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon, p. 129.
28. The New Brown, Driver Briggs and Gesenius Hebrew and English
Lexicon, p. 148.
29. The Analytical Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon, p. 129.
30. The New Brown, Driver Briggs and Gesenius Hebrew and English
Lexicon, p. 148.
31. Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, p. 147.
32. The Analytical Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon, p. 129.
33. The New Brown, Driver Briggs and Gesenius Hebrew and English
Lexicon, p. 149.
34. Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, p. 147.
35. The Analytical Hebrew and Chaldee Lexicon, p. 129.
36. The New Brown, Driver Briggs and Gesenius Hebrew and English
Lexicon, p. 149.
37. Theological Wordbook of the Old Testament, p. 148.
38. Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, p. 236.
39. Ibid. p. 246.
40. Ibid. p. 731.
41. Ibid. p. 125.
42. The NIV Interlinear Hebrew-English Old Testament, vol. 4 / Isaiah -
Malachi, p. 355.
43. The Holy Scriptures, The Prophets (Jerusalem, Israel: Koren
Publishers Jerusalem, Ltd., 1989), p. 379. Ezekiel 21:26 is Ezekiel
21:31 in the Hebrew Bible.
44. The Holy Scriptures, vol. ll (Philadelphia, PA U.S.A: Jewish
Publication Society of America, 1982), p. 1329. Ezekiel 21:26 is
Ezekiel 21:31 in the Hebrew Bible.
45. The NIV Interlinear Hebrew-English Old Testament, vol. 1 / Genesis-Deuteronomy, p. 262.
46. The Holy Scriptures, Tora, p. 112.
47. The Holy Scriptures, vol. l, p. 225.
48. Psalm 110:4: 'Yahveh has sworn and will not change His mind, "You
are a priest forever according to the order of Melchizedek."
49. Genesis 3:7: 'Then the eyes of both of them were opened, and they
knew that they were naked; and they sewed fig leaves together and made
themselves loin coverings.'
50. Genesis 3:21: 'Yahveh God made garments of skin for Adam and his
wife, and clothed them.' In order for them to have the skins, an animal
would have had to have been slain by Yahveh. This would picture the
Sacrifice of Yeshua so that Mankind would be truly covered in His
Righteousness.
51. Exodus 25:8ff; Leviticus 1-6; 16:1ff.
52. Acts 15:5: 'But some of the sect of the Pharisees who had believed
stood up, saying, "It is necessary to circumcise them and to direct
them to observe the Law of Moses."
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